![]() Macmillan distributed these pedagogical materials throughout the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, India and elsewhere. From 1850 to 1900 Macmillan published hundreds of thousands of mathematical textbooks through industrialized book production. This paper argues that a significant contributing influence to this climate was book publishers, and the publisher Macmillan and Company in particular. ![]() Nineteenth century British culture did not generally regard mathematics as capable of failure, growth or change. ![]() Several historians including Andrew Warwick, Joan Richards and Tony Crilly have offered explanations for why a stale culture of mathematics existed in nineteenth century England. Only under the impact of discussions in history of science and the humanities since the 1980/90s did approaches similar to, and at the same time more sophisticated than, this forgotten third way practiced in the late nineteenth century find new practitioners with a new methodological consciousness. The third (the integration of progress and source studies into a cultural and biographical narrative) was discarded as a methodological principle. Thus, they continued to be followed in the historiographical and methodical practices during the twentieth century. Two of these approaches (a scientific history of mathematics and a serious investigation of primary sources) found general approval in history of mathematics at large. They formulated three main research lines with clear methodological claims. It argues that in the nineteenth century, those who practiced history of mathematics in Islamicate societies had a strong methodological commitment. This paper discusses methodological and interpretive aspects of practices in the history of the mathematical sciences in Islamicate societies as they emerged in Germany and France during the nineteenth century.
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